Saturday, December 21, 2013

Nature of a Preliminary Injunction

A preliminary injunction is an order granted at any stage of an action or proceeding prior to the judgment or final order, requiring a party or a court, agency, or a person to refrain from a particular act or acts. It may also require the performance of a particular act or acts, in which case it shall be known as a preliminary mandatory injunction. (Section 1, Rule 58)

Preliminary injunction is a provisional remedy. The court may grant it at any time after the start of the case and before judgment, while the case is still being heard on the merits, when the court finds that the plaintiff is entitled to the relief demanded and only when his complaint shows facts entitling such reliefs. A writ of preliminary injunction is generally based solely on initial and incomplete evidence.  The opinion and findings of fact of a court when issuing a writ of preliminary injunction are interlocutory (given provisionally) in nature and made even before the trial on the merits is completed. (La Vista Association vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 95252.  September 5, 1997)

Consequently there may be vital facts subsequently presented during the trial which were not obtaining when the writ of preliminary injunction was issued.  Hence, to equate the basis for the issuance of a preliminary injunction with that for the issuance of a final injunctive writ is erroneous.  And it does not necessarily mean that when a writ of preliminary injunction issues a final injunction follows. (Ibid)

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